Link to the Agreed Conclusions

Here is the link to the Agreed Conclusions from the 58th meeting of the Commission on the Status of Women -

http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/58/CSW58-agreedconclusions-advanceduneditedversion.pdf

Report by Daniela Chivu - Women’s Political Participation and Representation Making Development Sustainable, Making Governments Responsive in Africa

Moderator: H.E. Mr. Charles Ntwaage, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Botswana to the United Nations

Dr. Massimo Tommasoli, Permanent Observer for the International IDEA to the United Nations

Ms. Rumbidzai Kanawasvika, Senior Program Manager, Democracy & Gender, International Institute For Democracy And Electoral Assistance (IDEA)

Magda, Maria del Carmen Alanis Figueroa, Magistrate , Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary of Mexico

Ms. Rumbidzai Kanawasvika, Senior Program Manager, Democracy & Gender, International Institute For Democracy And Electoral Assistance (IDEA) 

Women’s political participation in Africa

The political leadership in Africa is rapidly changing and the role of women’s participation in politics has become a priority. The emergence of new a political approach and leadership in Africa it is being looked at more and more through a Gender’s lens.

The leadership of a woman at the helm of the country or in a ministerial position has become the new goal for most political parties, for instance Liberia and Malawi have women presidents. Through the years political parties have traditionally belonged to men, although outnumbered by women, translated in numbers of votes. Nevertheless, when it comes to political representation women lack leadership in numbers. Consequently, African States are striving to have equal representation. Nonetheless, it is very important to understand how political parties provide input in their agendas during the electoral campaigns and gender equality.

Factors: Who influences progress?  

As women`s leadership lacks in numbers and men dominate the political arena progress is influenced by men, the leadership. The willingness of the political party to promote women candidates within the structure of their parties becomes crucial before and during the election campaign.

As the political parties build their manifestos for the election campaigns and as it gets closer to the elections momentum the idea of gender equality evaporates; even when countries have committed quotas to be met. The numbers do not match. Therefore, gender capacity building based on given quotas among the candidates is not met.  Women being part of the decision making process and asserting political leadership is being seen as `` taking the kitchen from home and bringing it into the party`` meaning that the function of women in politics is not relevant.

Furthermore, the commitments taken by African states in respect to gender equality is 30% to 40%, for example, Rwanda has integrated a constitutional provision which allows women to take a stand and become candidates in their party of preference. Thus far, 85% of the political parties in Africa have women in ministerial position, as a result of their participation in politics and seeking leadership. Nevertheless, these women hold particular files which pertain particular to women, the issues have been ghettoized.  The results, of encouraging women to participate in politics while promoting the interest of a political party in order to win any election campaign is women dealing only with women’s issues.  

Magda, Maria del Carmen Alanis Figueroa, Magistrate , Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary of Mexico

The consequences for women candidates in Mexico

Unlike the African political parties Mexico political parties approach to women candidates it quite different.  After approximately ten years of struggle, women in Mexico not only obtained a specific quota for women candidates, but have achieved to amend the Mexican constitution re-assuring women’s participation in politics. In spite, all efforts in the past five years the quota was not attained as expected. Women’s national organizations found themselves in court once again fighting for their rights.

This took another constitutional amendment ruled for new criteria, based on which a political party will choose their candidates; replace a candidate during an election campaign and after and most importantly to ensure the place of a female candidate.  If a political party, while choosing the candidates prior to an election campaign, cannot find a woman candidate the incumbent cannot a man. During an election campaign if a woman candidate resigns, she can only be replaced by another woman in an open and transparent process. Therefore, this practice will ensure gender equality.      

How the process is being undermined by men within the parties?

Most women candidates are being threatened by their male counterparts, the threats usually do not come from the candidates directly, but from those who support them. They receive personal death threats, sometimes their family members may even killed or their businesses sabotaged which in most cases are their only sources of revenue. For the women who already occupy a seat in the Mexican parliament the threats are a little more different and more persistent if they choose to run for a second mandate.

The threats begin first on the leader of the party discouraging him to allow women to run a second term, if the leader does not take the threat seriously the woman who occupies the seat will be the one who will have to take an immediate decision. Although, not all women give up their seats there are some who stand and fight for the idea of women’s participation in politics.  Consequently, in some countries achieving gender equality could be a life threatening goal.

Personal note,

How all of the above relates to us Canadian women?  We are all women we all fight for equality of rights. Canada in the last three years has become the 52^nd country in the world with respect to women’s participation into politics, women Parliamentarians. None of the political parties in Canada has taken a firm commitment to ensure a quota of women candidates. Although, in the above given examples, quotas of women candidates have been established by political parties but not respected. However, as stated above, in some cases, women fight with their lives for this right; we must agree that those women have achieved something great. Even for all the States that have female leadership, there is still a lot of work to be done and much more to be improved, particularly to achieve and maintain gender equality, the rule of law as well as human rights and education.

The political awakening of these women is an important momentum for all of us. Yes, we do have rights and we enjoy them, but there is one right we do not really practice, that of being politically active and supporting women candidates in all political parties in Canada.  Perhaps, it is time for us to re-assess our stands in this respect and perhaps it is also time  for us to become more vocal, more demanding and expecting more from our political parties.  Canada’s commitment with respect to gender equality in political parties remains none existent. It is time we stop asking and we start demanding.

--Daniela Chivu

Summary Report done by Bonnie Destounis

As a first experience, attendance to the CSW 58 Session was an eye opener for me. Although aware of the inequalities that women confront, I recognized the severity of female victimization. After the first two days, I realized that I was in culture shock, totally overwhelmed by what I heard! 

Millennium Developmental Goals for women and girls were all new to me. I listened to many excellent presentation about the atrocities committed, the violence and inequity that women and girls experience in both unindustrialized countries and developing countries. I met and listened to presentations made by exceptional women. Some of the presenters were women who rose from poverty in stricken areas to higher education and now represented NGO's at the United Nations! They had the opportunity to share their experiences, influence NGO's and the world. Through these presentations, I recognized that although there are standards for developmental goals, women are habitually not included in the development or in the implementation strategies. Women from the grass roots must participate in community based programs to ensure success. One of the most successful governments was in Rwanda. Forty eight women are members of parliament due to the fact that so many men were killed in the genocide. The country is now thriving. The success is credited to the women running their country!

Exploitation of women and girls takes place primarily from poor countries and frequently from countries where they suffered an environmental disaster such as that in Haiti. Girls and women are left homeless and desperate. They are promised work. They are kidnapped, abused and forced into prostitution. This is a serious problem that affects all countries including Canada where they are brought to and forced into prostitution. The NGO's impelled that men should be prosecuted for using a service rather than criminalize women for prostitution. Major cities across Canada are places where kidnapped women are forced into prostitution. Several massage parlors offer more than a massage! This is a very lucrative business that is established in developed countries like Canada and the United States. These are usually operated by cartels who force women into prostitution (through false promises) .

Education plays a key role in reducing violence against women and girls. The educational program must be an integral part of early education programs in schools; young people must be given the tools for empowerment; boys and men play an equally important role in this education. Men must comprehend the magnitude of human rights as they pertain to women. Authorities, such as police, lawyers, judges all have to understand the significance that women have equal rights and participate as equal citizens. They must be educated as well.

I appreciated that many of the parallel presentations that I attended presented significant data that reported on the success or failure of the diverse projects implemented in various countries. The fact that data is being on the projects implemented, will hopefully contribute to solving some of the inequities women and girls continually confront.

Because of my first hand experience in living and working at the Baffin Regional Hospital, NWT Canada, when I listened to the many presentations that concentrated on the violence and assaults towards women and girls, my concern focused on Canada's Aboriginal population where women and girls do encounter comparable experiences and hardships. As Canadians, we must address issues in our own country as well, the Aboriginal population!

Although not part of the CSW the "equality effect of the 160 Girls", partially funded by the National Council of Women of Canada Development Organization, has made legal history in Kenya, indeed in Africa and beyond; it has set the high water mark for girls' rights internationally. The decision recognizes the obligation on the Kenyan police to conduct proper investigations in cases of sexual abuse, and could easily be extended to apply to other forms of gender-based violence. Equally of importance is the fact that the police asked for training to assist them in the execution with the High Court's "160 Girls" decision. The equality effect and its partners will also engage in a variety of public education strategies in foreign countries to raise awareness about the court decision, and to keep the State accountable. The success of this victory provides inspiration that progress is being made!

I feel very privileged to have had the opportunity to attend the Commission of the Status of Women forum (CSW58). It was an overwhelming and exceptional experience that I recommend.

--Bonnie Destounis

Women Seek Stand-Alone Goal for Gender in Post-2015 Agenda

By Thalif Deen Reprint |      

Brazilian women have been making headway in traditionally male-dominated areas. Construction workers in Rio de Janeiro. Credit: Fabiana Frayssinet/IPS

UNITED NATIONS, Mar 24 2014 (IPS) - The 45-member U.N. Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) concluded its annual 10-day session Saturday with several key pronouncements, including on reproductive health, women’s rights, sexual violence, female genital mutilation (FGM) and the role of women in implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The heaviest round of applause came when the Commission specifically called for a “stand-alone goal” on gender equality – a longstanding demand by women’s groups and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) – in the U.N.’s post-2015 development agenda.

Still, the primary inter-governmental policy-making body on gender empowerment did not weigh in on a key proposal being kicked around in the corridors of the world body: a proposal for a woman to be the next U.N. secretary-general (SG), come January 2017.

 
Ambassador Anwarul K. Chowdhury, a former U.N. under-secretary-general who is credited with initiating the conceptual and political breakthrough resulting in the adoption of U.N. Security Council resolution 1325 on women and peace and security, told IPS the annual CSW session is the largest annual gathering with special focus on issues which impact on women, and thereby humanity as a whole.

"It attracts hundreds of government and civil society participants representing their nations and organisations. After the very late night consensus adoption, the agreed conclusions of its 58th session, which focused on the post-2015 development agenda, show a striking gap in firmly establishing the linkage between peace and development in the document," he said.
"The mainstream discussions in this context have always been highlighting the point that MDGs lacked the energy of women's equal participation at all decision making levels and the overall and essential link between peace and development. So, in UN's work on the new set of development goals need to overcome this inadequacy. Somehow this still remains in the outcome of CSW-58.

"Adoption of the landmark U.N. Security Council resolution 1325 boosted the essential value of women's participation. Its focus relates to each of the issues on every agenda of the U.N. There is a need for holistic thinking and not to compartmentalise development, peace, environment in the context of women's equality and empowerment," Ambassador Chowdhury said. "It is necessary that women's role in peace and security is considered as an essential element in post-2015 development agenda."

“I did not hear it, but it’s a good question to raise given that a major section of the CSW’s ‘Agreed Conclusions’ were on ensuring women’s participation and leadership at all levels and strengthening accountability,” Mavic Cabrera-Balleza, international coordinator at the Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP), told IPS.

She said that in pre-CSW conversations, she heard the names of two possible candidates from Europe – whose turn it is to field candidates on the basis of geographical rotation – but both were men.

“The question is: Is the United Nations ready for a woman SG?” she asked.
Dr. Abigail E. Ruane, PeaceWomen Programme Manager at the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), told IPS the biggest thing at the CSW session was support for a gender equality goal in the post-2015 development agenda and the integration of gender throughout the proposed sustainable development goals (SDGs).

She said the recognition of the link between conflict and development was also important because it is not one that is usually recognised.

Asked about the proposal for a woman SG, she said: “I didn’t hear any discussion of a woman SG in the sessions I participated in.”

Harriette Williams Bright, advocacy director of Femmes Africa Solidarite (FAS), also told IPS the various civil society and CSW sessions she attended did not bring up the discussion of a woman as the next SG.

Still, she said the commitment of the CSW to a stand-alone goal on gender equality is welcomed and “we are hopeful that member states will honour this commitment in the post-2015 development framework and allocate the resources and political will needed for concrete progress in the lives of women, particularly in situations of conflict.”

Antonia Kirkland, legal advisor at Equality Now, told IPS her organisation was heartened that U.N. member states were able to reach consensus endorsing the idea that gender equality, the empowerment of women and the human rights of women and girls must be addressed in any post-2015 development framework following the expiration of MDGs in 2015.

“Throughout the process there has been broad agreement that freedom from violence against women and girls and the elimination of child marriage and FGM must be achieved,” she said.

“Equality Now believes sex discriminatory laws, including those that actually promote violence against women and girls, should be repealed as soon as possible to really change harmful practices and social norms,” Kirkland added.
Cabrera-Balleza of GNWP said the call for a stand-alone goal on gender equality; women’s empowerment and human rights of women and girls; the elimination of FGM and honour crimes, child, early and forced marriages; protection of women and girls from violence; the protection of women human rights defenders; the integration of a gender perspective in environmental and climate change policies and humanitarian response to natural disasters; “are all reasons to celebrate.”

She regretted the CSW conclusions did not make a link between peace, development and the post-2015 agenda.

The earlier drafts of the Agreed Conclusions were much stronger in terms of defining this intersection, she noted.

“I hate to think delegates see peace and development and gender equality and women’s empowerment as disconnected issues or that peace is an easy bargaining chip. …that there is no text on the intersection of peace, security and development defies logic,” she said. “How can we have development without peace and how can we have peace without development?”

Cabrera-Balleza pointed out that “even as we hold governments accountable to respond to this gap, we need to have a serious dialogue among ourselves too as civil society actors – across issues, across different thematic agendas.”

Dr. Ruane of WILPF told IPS that despite longstanding commitments to strengthen financing to move words to action, including through arms reduction, such as included both in the plan of action at the Earth Summit in Rio (1992) and the Beijing women’s conference (1995), “governments gave in to pressure to weaken commitments and ended up reiterating only support for voluntary innovative financing mechanisms, as appropriate.”

In a statement released Monday, Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) said that while the MDGs resulted in a reduction of poverty in some respects, the goals furthest from being achieved are those focused on women and girls – particularly on achieving gender equality and improving maternal health.

Executive Director of U.N. Women Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka said the agreement represents a milestone toward a transformative global development agenda that puts the empowerment of women and girls at its centre.

She said member states have stressed that while the MDGs have advanced progress in many areas, they remain unfinished business as long as gender inequality persists.

As the Commission rightly points out, she said, funding in support of gender equality and women’s empowerment remains inadequate.

Investments in women and girls will have to be significantly stepped up. As member states underline, this will have a multiplier effect on sustained economic growth, she declared.

At the conclusion of the session, CSW Chair Ambassador Libran Cabactulan of the Philippines said “it is critical, important and urgent to appreciate every tree in the forest, and have an agreement on how big, how tall or how fat each tree.
“At the same time, we need to be mindful of the entire forest,” she added, pointing out that “the absence of peace and security in the discourse on post-2015 agenda does not make a whole forest.”
 

Who was there!

More than 6000 representatives from 860 civil society organizations have registered for CSW58. Nearly 135 events have been organized by UN agencies at UN Headquarters in New York, alongside the official meetings of the Commission, as well as more than 300 parallel events hosted by the NGO community close to the UN premises.

 

Links to Official Documents

Link to the Official Statement of the International Council of Women 

E/CN.6/2014/3 Challenges and achievements in the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls. Report of the Secretary-General 

E/CN.6/2014/4 Progress in mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development, implementation and evaluation of national policies and programmes, with a particular focus on the priority theme. Report of the Secretary-General 

E/CN.6/2014/5 Discussion guide for the high-level round table on the priority theme. Note by the Secretariat E/CN.6/2014/6 The situation of, and assistance to, Palestinian women. Report of the Secretary-General 

E/CN.6/2014/7 Release of women and children taken hostage, including those subsequently imprisoned, in armed conflicts. Report of the Secretary-General

 E/CN.6/2014/8 * A/HRC/26/17 Report of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women on the activities of the United Nations Trust Fund in Support of Actions to Eliminate Violence against Women 

E/CN.6/2014/9 Letter from the President of the Economic and Social Council to the Chair of the Commission on the Status of Women 

E/CN.6/2014/10 Input to the 2014 ECOSOC high-level segment. Note by the Secretary-General 

E/CN.6/2014/11 Eliminating maternal mortality and morbidity through the empowerment of women. Report of the Secretary-General 

E/CN.6/2014/12 Women, the girl child and HIV and AIDS. Report of the Secretary-General E/CN.6/2014/13 Gender equality and the empowerment of women in natural disasters. Report of the Secretary-General

 E/CN.6/2014/14 Ways and means to further enhance the impact of the work of the Commission on the Status of Women. Report of the Secretary-General

- See more at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/csw/csw58-2014/official-documents#sthash.z50TA7jO.dpuf

Statement by UN Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka on the outcome of the 58th session of the Commission on the Status of Women

Date: 22 March 2014 

UN Women welcomes the outcome of the 58th session of the Commission on the Status of Women. The agreement represents a milestone towards a transformative global development agenda that puts the empowerment of women and girls at its centre. Member States have stressed that while the Millennium Development Goals have advanced progress in many areas, they remain unfinished business as long as gender inequality persists. The clear analysis of Member States on the shortcomings in the design and implementation of the MDGs provides us with valuable guidance as the international community devises a comprehensive post-2015 agenda. 

As the Commission points out, structural inequalities such as persistent gender pay gaps, women’s disproportionate share of unpaid care work, low levels of women in decision-making and the persistence of discriminatory attitudes, norms and legal frameworks impede progress. I commend the Commission for identifying critical issues that were not sufficiently addressed by the MDGs and calling for measures to address these. Notably, Member States highlight the pandemic of violence against women and girls that affects women and girls worldwide. The Commission also points to the urgent need to fully ensure women’s access to opportunities and resources, including quality education, control and ownership of land and other productive assets, as well as women’s sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights, and recommends taking steps, including temporary special measures, to achieve women’s full participation in public- and private-sector decision-making. 

The safety, human rights and empowerment of women are pivotal in the post-2015 debate. UN Women is encouraged by the call of a large number of Member States for a stand-alone sustainable development goal that addresses these issues. This will require political will, backed up by commensurate resources. As the Commission rightly points out, funding in support of gender equality and women’s empowerment remains inadequate. Investments in women and girls will have to be significantly stepped up. As Member States underline, this will have a multiplier effect on sustained economic growth. We know that equality for women means progress for all. Through the development of a comprehensive roadmap for the future, we have the opportunity to realize this premise and promise. The 58th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women has given important impetus to making equality between men and women a reality. - See more at: http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2014/3/executive-director-statement-on-csw58-outcome#sthash.vnVMLup4.dpuf

Summary Report by Vi Andersen, NCWC Delegate

The following report will summarize Vi Andersen's experiences at the Parallel and Side Events at the UN CSW58:

Monday, March 10, 2014   Opening

Secretary General Ban Ki-moon of the United Nations addressed the Commission on the Status of Women. His message encompassed gender equality, empowerment of women and leadership as forefront measures of our work in the 21^st century. Huge gaps remain for marginalized groups throughout the world in inadequate sanitation, child mortality and acts of violence against women and girls. Following the Beijing Platform for Action, there is only now less than two years left to “champion all rights of women and girls”.

Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, UN Under Secretary / Executive Director of UN Women, also defined how “equality for women is progress for all”. Although progress remains slow, we also see a lack of progress in our countries, especially in rural and indigenous areas. She reminded us that “Today will be better than yesterday; tomorrow will be better than today.”

NGO Regional Caucuses: North America/Europe

The defining of terminology on the key elements of the Draft Agreed Conclusions for the 58^th Session of the United Nations Commission for the recommitment of governments to the Beijing Platform, other agreements and conventions ensued. Susan O’Malley, International Federation of Business and Professional Women, and Jeanne Sarson,  International Federation of University Women, and Pierette Pape lead the discussion and addressed concerns raised by NGOs attending. The NA/EUR revisions were posted and ongoing revisions made. Over the week, violence was added to the document as one of the areas of high concern to further define the acts against women as violent aggression against women to give law makers further clout in enacting laws against perpetrators of these acts.

Side Event:  Lessons Learned in Country: How to End Child, Early and Forced Marriage hosted by Canada, Malawi, Zambia, PLAN International. Kelly Leitch, Minister responsible for the Status of Women Canada, spoke on the negative impact of the early and forced marriages of young women and heralded Canada’s efforts to be a driving force in changes in countries like Malawi and Zambia concerning these issues. Canada has given $5.5 million in aid to assist in the efforts to overcome early and forced marriages in these countries. A young fifteen year old speaker from Malawi described her friend’s termination of school at the age of 9 to be married to a twenty-one year old man. She stated it was a forced disempowerment of all her rights, of her own body,  education and future. Her friend was forced to bear children before her body had matured well enough to do so. This practice often leads to maternal or child mortality. It was fundamentally an issue of children having children. Through education and group empowerment provided by aid funds, families can realize alternative ways to overcome low income disparities in their countries other than with dowries to combat poverty. Canada and PLAN International are working on the ground in Malawi and Zambia to affect change. 

Thursday, March 13, 2014

International Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Briefing: Women and Water and Female Genital Mutilation were key issues that IFBPW would carry forward from this session.

Side Event:  Permanent Mission of Zambia to the UN and Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health: Putting Women and Girls at the Center of the Development Agenda: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and Achieving Sustainable Development

Rural and middle income females on average are married by the age of eighteen but many pre-teen girls are also married. All girls of reproductive & prereproductive age are facing reproduction, abortion, high mortality rates and HIV and sexually transmitted infections especially between ages of fifteen and nineteen. Questions remains…”Why are these issues so difficult to articulate? At what age do we provide education on reproduction and sexual rights?”

Zambian speaker, Chibaula sounded hopeful with her statement, “every woman, every child road map” will set the course for staff and training, access to family planning, health plans and a campaign to end marriage before appropriate sexual age. Post 2015 roadmap plans are to be implemented within legal framework. “Women are a valuable asset to Sustainable Development Goals and therefore, at the top of the agenda…”gender equality is to be mainstreamed”. 

Parallel Event: Is Prostitution Sex Work? When Terminology and Legalization Collide with Human Rights!

Executive Director of the Coalition of Trafficking Intervention

“Little girls do not daydream about being prostituted when they grow up!” A coalition of women who had been engaged in prostitution shared their stories of the time when they were introduced to it. Stories varied from getting income from stripping to go to college, to being coerced as young children or being given by their families to the johns as young adolescents.  Prostitution rings have increased in number since 1990 due to an ever increasing male demand.  It constitutes the rise in human trafficking from eastern countries, indigenous communities and cities globally. The terminology, both street and legal, used is detrimental to the overall realization that it is not work….prostitution is not sex “work”. This linguistic twist has everything to do with harm to women and girls. These women deal with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexually transmitted diseases and illness similar to post war Afghanistan veteran cases. Bottom line is that the linguistics is confusing and conveys prostitutes as workers conveyed in laws which reflect that disparity. Therefore, the Nordic Model and Minnesota Safe Harbour Law are viable approaches that provide exit strategies for the women and girls, structure for the mechanisms in which law can be tailored to assist women and girls caught in the rings of prostitution and support to the women and girls as they transition. Language that shows that prostitution is a “crime of victimization” is key to making changes in mainstream thinking and laws.

Parallel Event: Silent Survivors: Using Theatre to Break the Silence

Ping Chong + Company Baha’is of the United States (Natural Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of the U.S.), Values Caucus

Ping Chong + Company sponsored by Baha’is of US use the median of theatre to facilitate the process of recovery from trauma as survivors of sexual abuse during childhood. In a film survivors narrate their stories and play out a circle drama. The effectiveness of using theatre and drama as the medians of this work is positive and provides a venue for safety, trust and healing through therapy to happen.

Overall, the sessions I attended were reinforcing the messages that I had already experienced in my training through Women’s Studies, experience working in some of these areas such as HIV, Women’s Shelters and work with youth at risk. Each session provided a broader and more comprehensive view of the efforts that are needed to move towards equality, and empowerment of women to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and to move into having Sustainable Development Goals worldwide. It would be a very powerful experience to be able to attend in 2015 twenty years after the Beijing Platform for Action.

Photos from the Fair, Held Friday morning

 

-- Vi Andersen